Cluster owner: Vantasner AG device program. Records compiled from the published literature, search date 2026-10-21. Every row lists a real publication with authors, venue, year, and DOI where one exists. Scope note: this file holds acoustic cavitation in liquids, ultrasound on deuterated metals, and the sonochemistry platform physics. The electrochemical co-deposition line lives in 01-navy-codeposition.md; the rock-fracture piezonuclear line lives in 08-piezonuclear-fracto-fusion.md.
Records
| # | Who | When | Venue / DOI | Setup | Materials | Loading | Excitation | Conditions | Reported outputs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K. S. Suslick | 1990 | Science 247(4949), 1439-1445; DOI 10.1126/science.247.4949.1439 | Sonochemistry review: acoustic cavitation hot spots in liquids and slurries | liquids and liquid-solid slurries, many metal systems | n/a | ultrasound via acoustic cavitation | hot spot temperatures of roughly 5000 degrees C, pressures near 500 atm, lifetimes of a few microseconds | Shock-wave-driven interparticle collisions at speeds sufficient to melt most metals; clean, reactive metal surfaces |
| 2 | K. S. Suslick, S. J. Doktycz, E. B. Flint | 1990 | Ultrasonics 28(5), 280-290; DOI 10.1016/0041-624X(90)90033-K | Analysis of the origin of sonoluminescence and sonochemistry | cavitating liquids | n/a | ultrasound | comparison of thermal versus electrical interpretations | Most observed effects originate from thermal processes in the hot spot; timescales set by bubble collapse |
| 3 | Y. T. Didenko, K. S. Suslick | 2002 | Nature 418(6896), 394-397; DOI 10.1038/nature00895 | Single-bubble cavitation with quantified chemical yields | isolated vapor-gas bubble in an acoustic field | n/a | single-bubble sonoluminescence drive | pico-second light flashes; less than 1e-13 mol of reacting gas per bubble | Chemical reactions inside a single cavitating bubble; measured yields of nitrite ions, hydroxyl radicals and photons with energy efficiencies |
| 4 | J. Jorne (University of Rochester) | 1996 | Fusion Technology 29(1), 83-90; DOI 10.13182/FST96-A30658 | Ultrasonic irradiation of a slurry of deuterium-loaded palladium powder in heavy water | 1 micrometer deuterium-loaded palladium particles suspended in D2O | deuterium pre-loaded into the palladium powder | ultrasonic horn, cavitation regime | cavitation and high-speed particle collisions; local temperatures above the palladium melting point (1828 K) | Bursts of neutron counting; the highest burst near four times background; the authors note most bursts can be accounted for as background anomalies while the strongest cannot |
| 5 | R. P. Taleyarkhan, C. D. West, J. S. Cho, R. T. Lahey Jr., R. I. Nigmatulin, R. C. Block (Oak Ridge National Laboratory and partners) | 2002 | Science 295(5561), 1868-1873; DOI 10.1126/science.1067589 | Acoustic cavitation of chilled deuterated acetone with bubble clusters nucleated by 14 MeV neutron pulses | deuterated acetone (C3D6O), chilled near 0 degrees C; normal acetone controls | deuterium carried in the acetone | acoustic standing wave drive, order of 20 kHz (estimate), pulsed neutron seeding | hydrodynamic shock-code simulations of bubble implosions | Tritium activity above background; neutron emission near 2.5 MeV; simulations giving 1e6 to 1e7 K implosion conditions; controls with normal acetone show neither |
| 6 | M. J. Saltmarsh, D. Shapira | 2002 | Science 297(5587), 1603; DOI 10.1126/science.297.5587.1603a | On-site repeat of the cavitation experiment with independent instrumentation | deuterated acetone apparatus at Oak Ridge | as in the source run | same acoustic drive class | more sensitive neutron counters and tritium assay | The authors report no significant neutron or tritium signal in their repeat run |
| 7 | R. P. Taleyarkhan, J. S. Cho, C. D. West, R. T. Lahey Jr., R. I. Nigmatulin, R. C. Block | 2004 | Physical Review E 69(3), 036109; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.036109 | Time-resolved neutron and sonoluminescence measurements in chilled deuterated acetone | deuterated acetone, chilled | deuterium carried in the acetone | acoustic drive plus neutron-seeded bubble clusters | time-correlated recording channels | Neutron and sonoluminescence emissions time-correlated across the bubble-cluster dynamics; neutron rate up to about 4e5 per second; tritium data consistent with the neutron rate; a figure-labeling erratum was later published (Physical Review E 71, 019901, 2005; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.019901) |
| 8 | F. Cardone, G. Cherubini, A. Petrucci | 2009 | Physics Letters A 373(8-9), 862-866; DOI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.12.060 | Ultrasound applied to a solution containing only stable elements, iron and chlorine, with polyallyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) track detectors and a boron trifluoride (BF3) electronic neutron counter | aqueous iron-chlorine solution, no radioactive additions | n/a | ultrasonic cavitation | neutron counting against laboratory background | Neutron pulses standing above the laboratory background and electronic noise |
| 9 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, A. Petrucci | 2009 | Physics Letters A 373(22), 1956-1958; DOI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.03.067 | Ultrasound applied to thorium-bearing solutions | thorium-228 solution | n/a | ultrasonic cavitation | gamma monitoring during and after cavitation | The authors report changes in the gamma-emission activity of the thorium decay chain during cavitation; follow-up remarks on protocols appear in arXiv:1001.5391 |
| 10 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, M. Monti, A. Petrucci, V. Sala | 2012 | Modern Physics Letters A 27(18), 1250102; DOI 10.1142/S0217732312501027 | Ultrasound applied to bars of iron and steel via a sonotrode | iron and steel bars | n/a | high-power ultrasound | neutron burst recording with spectrum measurement; surface microanalysis | Neutrons emitted in bursts with a measured spectrum; circular surface damage features away from the sonotrode; elemental-composition departures on the damaged spots |
| 11 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, A. Petrucci | 2012 | Journal of Advanced Physics 1(1), 3-36; DOI 10.1166/jap.2012.1015 | Review of the piezonuclear program, liquids and solids | cavitated solutions and sonicated solids | n/a | ultrasound and mechanical stress | program-wide protocols | Consolidated statement of the piezonuclear reaction reports and methods |
| 12 | R. S. Stringham | 2012 | Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCNS) 6; DOI 10.70923/001c.72155 | Sonofusion of deuterated palladium: cavitation of a deuterated palladium system with long-running instrumentation | deuterated palladium, deuterium-bearing liquid | deuterium pre-loaded in the palladium | piezo-driven cavitation bubbles at high bubble production rates | transient high-density cavitation; ejecta surveys after runs | Excess heat and helium-4 reported as the measured products; bubble production reported at 1e16 bubbles per second; post-run ejecta site surveys as the diagnostic record |
Narrative
Cavitation is the only mechanical route in this whole program whose platform physics is textbook material. Suslick's group measured what a collapsing bubble does: roughly 5000 degrees C for a few microseconds at hundreds of atmospheres, and, in slurries, shock-driven collisions between particles that melt metal surfaces on impact. Didenko and Suslick then counted the actual chemistry inside one isolated bubble. That is exactly the transient our device wants: hydride grains that meet at microsecond hot spots and at stresses that plastically deform palladium, titanium and zirconium surfaces, re-cleaving them while deuterium sits inside the lattice.
The deuterated precedents show the pattern to chase and the discipline to keep. Jorne suspended one-micrometer deuterium-loaded palladium powder in heavy water and drove it with ultrasound, saw neutron-counting bursts with the strongest near four times background, and reported the accounting honestly, background anomalies included. Taleyarkhan's Oak Ridge group chilled deuterated acetone, seeded bubble clusters with 14 MeV neutron pulses, and reported tritium plus 2.5 MeV neutrons with hydrodynamic simulations at 1e6 to 1e7 K; their 2004 follow-up added the measurement our design copies outright, time-correlated neutron and sonoluminescence channels on the same clock. The Saltmarsh and Shapira repeat with more sensitive counters reported no significant signal, which is the reason our neutron chain-of-evidence starts with calibrated absolute efficiency and simultaneous controls rather than an afterthought. Stringham ran a decades-long sonofusion program on deuterated palladium, reporting excess heat and helium-4, bubble production near 1e16 bubbles per second, and post-run ejecta surveys that map where events happened on the surfaces. The Cardone line carried ultrasound to iron-chlorine solutions, thorium solutions and iron-steel bars, reporting neutron bursts with measured spectra and elemental-composition departures on damaged surfaces, with CR-39 and BF3 detectors doing the counting.
Two engineering constants repeat across every record here. First, the signal, when it appears, is burst-like and phase-locked to the acoustic cycle, so every channel must be time-stamped against the drive. Second, the deuterium-to-hydrogen contrast is the only cheap separator of real content from noise, and every strong record in this cluster runs it.
Carry into device
- Adopt an ultrasound stage as standard equipment: a 20 kHz-class horn or piezo ring driving our hydride-piezo suspension into cavitation, giving microsecond hot spots and shock-loaded grain contacts on top of the shear-thickening force chains.
- Run the acoustic stage pulsed and phase-referenced: time-stamp every neutron, CR-39 cassette change, photomultiplier and calorimeter sample against the acoustic phase, because the reported emissions ride on bubble dynamics.
- Temperature is a design variable: chilled operation sharpened the acetone implosions, so hold the ultrasound runs near 0 to 10 degrees C (estimate) to harden collapse conditions.
- Copy the 2004 time-correlation architecture: liquid scintillators with pulse-shape discrimination plus a sonoluminescence photomultiplier on the same clock; a coincident neutron-and-light flash set survives artifact classes that blind either channel alone.
- Keep CR-39 and BF3 (or helium-3) counters in parallel, the Cardone detector pair, so passive and active neutron records exist for every run.
- Deuterium-to-hydrogen contrast in everything: deuterated and hydrogenated suspension batches run back-to-back in the same fixture, the Jorne-Taleyarkhan pattern.
- Post-run surface science is mandatory: Stringham-style ejecta surveys and Cardone-style scanning-electron-microscopy microanalysis of grain surfaces after every campaign, looking for melt features and composition changes.
- Seed option on the bench list: the Taleyarkhan neutron-seeded bubble-cluster trick gives a way to synchronize cavitation populations with a low-intensity external neutron pulse during diagnostic runs.
- Size the acoustic drive against the reported bubble budgets: Stringham's 1e16 bubbles per second class sets the transducer power scale (authors' report) for a full-active-volume device.