Vantasner Hydride–Piezo
[DOCS]
01 PITCH 02 PROGRAM 03 DETAIL 04 SOURCE

[01 / EVIDENCE]

Forty years
of evidence.

Illustrative photograph: stacked journal reprints and bound volumes, an open lab notebook with hand-drawn curves, an electrochemical glass cell and a detector chip on a dark desk [Illustrative image]

Every mechanism this device relies on has already been measured and published, one at a time, by national laboratories, universities and industry. This is that record: who did what, where, and what they reported.

published records
84
40 years of work
1986–2026
references
108
with a DOI
85
clusters
8

[01.1 · THE RECORD, 1986 TO 2026]

Every mark is a
published record.

84 experiments and results, one lane per cluster, grouped by the part of the device they inform. Hover a mark to read it, click to open it.Tap a mark to read it. Keyboard: tab in, then use the arrow keys.

  • Excitation Mechanical routes and the field precedent
  • Hosts Host materials and gas-loading hardware
  • Loading Loading and calorimetry discipline
  • Rate The rate lever and the target
  • DOI listed
  • no DOI
  • multi-year program
  1. 1989 Fleischmann and PonsJ. Electroanal. Chem.
  2. 2002 Pd screening 800 ± 90 eVPhysics Letters B
  3. 2005 Crystal-driven fusionNature, reproduced in PRL 2006
  4. 2019 Google-funded programNature
  5. 2025 Loading raises the rate; the plateauNature 2025 · Nature Communications 2026
02 Ultrasound and cavitation 12
08 Fracto-fusion 6
06 Pyroelectric fusion 9
04 Gas-loaded hydrides 15
01 Navy co-deposition 18
03 Excess-heat programs 9
05 Electron screening 12
07 The yield plateau 3

[WHERE THE 84 RECORDS WERE PUBLISHED]

  • 5Nature
  • 3Science
  • 1Nature Communications
  • 3Physical Review C, E, Letters
  • 4Physics Letters A, B
  • 5European physics journals (EPJ, EPL)
  • 5J. Electroanalytical Chemistry
  • 3Japanese J. Applied Physics
  • 2Scientific Reports
  • 3AIP: J. Appl. Phys., APL, RSI
  • 16J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
  • 34other journals, reports, meeting abstracts, preprints and one patent

Counted from each record's venue line. 67 of 84 records list a DOI directly or through their reference; the library holds 108 references, 85 with a DOI.

Read all 84 records as a list, by year
YearClusterWhoVenueDOI
1986 08 Fracto-fusion V.A. Klyuev et al. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 12, 1333 —
1989 08 Fracto-fusion B.V. Derjaguin et al. Nature 341, 492 yes
1989 03 Excess-heat programs M. Fleischmann et al. J. Electroanal. Chem. 261, 301-308 yes
1990 02 Ultrasound and cavitation K. S. Suslick Science 247(4949), 1439-1445 yes
1990 02 Ultrasound and cavitation K. S. Suslick et al. Ultrasonics 28(5), 280-290 yes
1990 08 Fracto-fusion A.G. Lipson et al. Journal article indexed in the IAEA INIS database under "Fracto-emission from deuterated titanium: Supporting evidence for a fracto-fusion mechanism" —
1993 01 Navy co-deposition M. H. Miles et al. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 346(1-2), 99-117 yes
1994 04 Gas-loaded hydrides S. Focardi et al. Il Nuovo Cimento A 107 (1): 163 (1994) yes
1994 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 379(1-2), 121-127 yes
1994 03 Excess-heat programs M.C.H. McKubre et al. J. Electroanal. Chem. 368, 55-66 yes
1995 05 Electron screening U. Greife et al. Zeitschrift fuer Physik A 351: 107 (1995) —
1996 02 Ultrasound and cavitation J. Jorne Fusion Technology 29(1), 83-90 yes
1996 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Physics Letters A 210(6), 382-390 yes
1998 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Fusion Technology 33(1), 38-51 yes
1998 05 Electron screening H. Yuki et al. JETP Letters 68: 823-829 (1998) yes
1999 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Arata et al. Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. B 75 (10): 281-286 (1999) yes
1999 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Fusion Technology 36(2), 234-241 yes
2000 03 Excess-heat programs T. Mizuno et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 6055-6061 yes
2001 06 Pyroelectric fusion J.D. Brownridge et al. arXiv:physics/0107046 —
2001 05 Electron screening K. Czerski et al. Europhysics Letters 54 (4): 449-455 (2001) yes
2002 02 Ultrasound and cavitation Y. T. Didenko et al. Nature 418(6896), 394-397 yes
2002 02 Ultrasound and cavitation R. P. Taleyarkhan et al. Science 295(5561), 1868-1873 yes
2002 02 Ultrasound and cavitation M. J. Saltmarsh et al. Science 297(5587), 1603 yes
2002 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Arata et al. Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. B 78 (3): 57-62 (2002) yes
2002 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. SPAWAR Systems Center San Diego Technical Report 1862, two volumes —
2002 03 Excess-heat programs Y. Iwamura et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (7R), 4642-4650 yes
2002 05 Electron screening F. Raiola et al. European Physical Journal A 13: 377-382 (2002) yes
2002 05 Electron screening F. Raiola et al. Physics Letters B 547: 193-199 (2002) yes
2002 05 Electron screening J. Kasagi et al. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 71: 2281 (2002) —
2003 05 Electron screening C. Bonomo et al. Nuclear Physics A 719: 37c (2003) yes
2004 02 Ultrasound and cavitation R. P. Taleyarkhan et al. Physical Review E 69(3), 036109 yes
2004 06 Pyroelectric fusion J.D. Brownridge et al. Review manuscript, "Electron and positive ion beams and X-rays produced by heated and cooled pyroelectric crystals such as LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in dilute gases: phenomenology and applications" —
2004 01 Navy co-deposition M. H. Miles et al. Thermochimica Acta 410(1-2), 101-107 yes
2004 05 Electron screening F. Raiola et al. European Physical Journal A 19 (2): 283-287 (2004) yes
2004 05 Electron screening K. Czerski et al. Europhysics Letters 68 (3): 363-369 (2004) yes
2005 06 Pyroelectric fusion B. Naranjo et al. Nature 434, 1115-1117 yes
2005 06 Pyroelectric fusion J.A. Geuther et al. Journal of Applied Physics 97, 074109 —
2005 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Naturwissenschaften 92(8), 394-397 yes
2005 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 580(2), 284-290 yes
2005 05 Electron screening F. Raiola et al. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 31 (11) yes
2006 06 Pyroelectric fusion J.A. Geuther et al. Physical Review Letters 96, 054803 (venue, year and title confirmed via PubMed record PMID 16486940) yes
2007 06 Pyroelectric fusion J.A. Geuther et al. Applied Physics Letters 90, 174103 (venue, year and title confirmed via AIP record) —
2007–2013 06 Pyroelectric fusion US Patent 8,396,181 B2 US 8,396,181 B2 (USPTO record confirmed) —
2007 01 Navy co-deposition S. Szpak et al. Naturwissenschaften 94(6), 511-514 yes
2007 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. The European Physical Journal Applied Physics 40(3), 293-303 yes
2008 06 Pyroelectric fusion V. Tang et al. Review of Scientific Instruments 79, 013501 class (venue: Review of Scientific Instruments, year confirmed via PubMed record PMID 18163729) —
2008 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Arata et al. APS March Meeting 2008 contributed abstract (meetings-archive.aps.org/mar/2008/a17/13) —
2008 05 Electron screening A. Huke et al. Physical Review C 78: 015803 (2008) yes
2009 02 Ultrasound and cavitation F. Cardone et al. Physics Letters A 373(8-9), 862-866 yes
2009 02 Ultrasound and cavitation F. Cardone et al. Physics Letters A 373(22), 1956-1958 yes
2009 08 Fracto-fusion A. Carpinteri et al. Strain 45, 332-339 yes
2009 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. Naturwissenschaften 96(1), 135-142 yes
2009 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. The European Physical Journal Applied Physics 46(3), 30901 yes
2010 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. The European Physical Journal Applied Physics 51(2), 20901 yes
2011 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A. Kitamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 4 (1): 56-68 (2011) yes
2011 04 Gas-loaded hydrides T. Hioki et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 4 (1): 69-80 (2011) yes
2011 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCNS) 4 yes
2012 02 Ultrasound and cavitation F. Cardone et al. Modern Physics Letters A 27(18), 1250102 yes
2012 02 Ultrasound and cavitation F. Cardone et al. Journal of Advanced Physics 1(1), 3-36 yes
2012 02 Ultrasound and cavitation R. S. Stringham Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCNS) 6 yes
2012 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss JCNS 6 yes
2014 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A. Kitamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 13 (1): 277-289 (2014) yes
2014–2025 03 Excess-heat programs R. Godes et al. J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 13 (2014) 127-137 yes
2015 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A. Kitamura et al. Current Science 108 (4): 589-593 (2015) —
2016 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A. Kitamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 19 (1): 135-144 (2016) yes
2016 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A.G. Parkhomov et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 19 (1): 244-256 (2016) yes
2016–2024 03 Excess-heat programs Y. Iwamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 19 (2016) 119-126 yes
2017 04 Gas-loaded hydrides T. Itoh et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 24: 179-190 (2017), proceedings of ICCF20 (International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Sendai 2016) yes
2017 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Iwamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 24: 191-201 (2017), proceedings of ICCF20 (Sendai 2016) —
2017 01 Navy co-deposition A. Savrasov et al. JCNS 22 yes
2017 01 Navy co-deposition P. A. Mosier-Boss et al. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42(1), 416-428 yes
2017 03 Excess-heat programs T. Mizuno J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 25, 1-25 yes
2018 04 Gas-loaded hydrides A. Kitamura et al. Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43: 16187-16200 (2018) —
2019 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Iwamura et al. J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 29: 119-128 (2019), collaboration period October 2015 to October 2017 yes
2019 03 Excess-heat programs T. Mizuno et al. J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 29, 21-33 yes
2019 03 Excess-heat programs C.P. Berlinguette et al. Nature 570, 45-51 yes
2023 05 Electron screening A. Kowalska et al. Materials 16 (18): 6255 (2023) yes
2024 08 Fracto-fusion M. Fomitchev-Zamilov Scientific Reports 14, 11517 yes
2024 04 Gas-loaded hydrides Y. Iwamura et al. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 63: 037001 (2024) yes
2025 06 Pyroelectric fusion LiTaO3 pyroelectric accelerator study Scientific Reports 15 yes
2025–2026 07 The yield plateau M.E. Karahadian et al. Nature Communications 17, 8845 (2026) yes
2025 07 The yield plateau K.-Y. Chen et al. Nature 644, 640-645 (2025) yes
2026 07 The yield plateau K. Czerski et al. arXiv:2605.27438, "Thermal deuteron-deuteron fusion in metallic targets" —
n.d. 08 Fracto-fusion A.G. Lipson et al. Review manuscript "Phenomenon of energetic charged particle emission from hydrogen/deuterium loaded metals", copy hosted at lenr-canr.org —

[01.2 · HOW THE CLUSTERS STACK INTO THE DEVICE]

Eight clusters.
Six inputs.
One device.

Each cluster of published work fixes one input to the device design, from how it is shaken to the yield it must beat. A ribbon is as wide as the number of records behind it.

Prior-art indexScience and foundations
  1. 02 Ultrasound and cavitation 12
  2. 08 Fracto-fusion 6
  3. 06 Pyroelectric fusion 9
  4. 04 Gas-loaded hydrides 15
  5. 01 Navy co-deposition 18
  6. 03 Excess-heat programs 9
  7. 05 Electron screening 12
  8. 07 The yield plateau 3

  1. Shake it

    Mechanical excitation routes · 02 + 08 · 18 records

    20 kHz-class ultrasound drives the suspension; counting is locked to the bursts

  2. Make the field

    Field-ion-source precedent · 06 · 9 records

    Crystal fields of the 1010 V/m class at nanometre tips: the reference for grain contacts

  3. Choose the host

    Host materials and gas-loading hardware · 04 · 15 records

    Sealed powder beds; binary nano-composites, each run against its single-component twin

  4. Load it, measure it

    Loading and calorimetry discipline · 01 + 03 · 27 records

    Loading above D/Pd 0.9; calorimetry within 1 percent; active and control cells side by side

  5. Multiply the rate

    The rate lever: electron screening · 05 · 12 records

    Hosts ranked by measured screening: 300 eV class in Pd, Ta, Zr; up to 800 ± 90 eV in Pd

  6. Hit the target

    Target enhancement and the discriminating measurement · 07 · 3 records

    Deuterons at 0.25 to 2.5 keV; a 3.02 MeV proton line tells the two readings apart

  1. Shake it

    Mechanical excitation routes · 02 + 08 · 18 records

    20 kHz-class ultrasound drives the suspension; counting is locked to the bursts

  2. Make the field

    Field-ion-source precedent · 06 · 9 records

    Crystal fields of the 1010 V/m class at nanometre tips: the reference for grain contacts

  3. Choose the host

    Host materials and gas-loading hardware · 04 · 15 records

    Sealed powder beds; binary nano-composites, each run against its single-component twin

  4. Load it, measure it

    Loading and calorimetry discipline · 01 + 03 · 27 records

    Loading above D/Pd 0.9; calorimetry within 1 percent; active and control cells side by side

  5. Multiply the rate

    The rate lever: electron screening · 05 · 12 records

    Hosts ranked by measured screening: 300 eV class in Pd, Ta, Zr; up to 800 ± 90 eV in Pd

  6. Hit the target

    Target enhancement and the discriminating measurement · 07 · 3 records

    Deuterons at 0.25 to 2.5 keV; a 3.02 MeV proton line tells the two readings apart

Cluster 07 is the newest line: three records from 2025 and 2026, in Nature and Nature Communications among them, and it sets the target the device is built to reach. The parameter lines quote each cluster's "carry into device" list; values from all eight converge in the science synthesis.

[01.3 · THE EIGHT CLUSTERS]

Open any cluster.
Read every row.

Each cluster answers one design question. Inside: what we carry into the device, every record with all its columns, the story of the line, and every paper with its DOI.

  1. Illustrative photograph: a wire cathode carrying a dendritic metal deposit, fine electrolyte bubbles rising[Illustrative image]

    [01/08] LOADING

    Navy Pd/D co-deposition (SPAWAR) and China Lake calorimetry

    Sets loading and calorimetry discipline.

    How electrochemistry loads palladium with deuterium in situ, and how calorimetry plus track detectors were paired in one cell.

    18 records1993–201719 papers

    Open cluster
  2. Illustrative photograph: a titanium ultrasound horn submerged in liquid, a cavitation bubble cloud glowing at its tip[Illustrative image]

    [02/08] EXCITATION

    Ultrasound, sonofusion and cavitation transmutation

    Sets the mechanical excitation routes.

    What acoustic cavitation does to deuterated matter: hot-spot physics, transients, and the drive hardware it needs.

    12 records1990–201212 papers

    Open cluster
  3. Illustrative photograph: a glass calorimeter cell inside an open silvered Dewar, with fine leads and a laboratory clamp[Illustrative image]

    [03/08] LOADING

    Electrochemical excess-heat programs

    Sets loading and calorimetry discipline.

    Loading thresholds, triggering, and the calorimetry discipline the 2019 Google program codified, all carried into our drive schedule.

    9 records1989–202525 papers

    Open cluster
  4. Illustrative photograph: a band-heated stainless reactor, a pressure gauge and a crucible of metal powder[Illustrative image]

    [04/08] HOSTS

    Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading

    Sets the host materials and gas loading hardware.

    Powder reactors: which host materials, temperatures, pressures and loading ratios produced reported heat, and the hardware class we copy.

    15 records1994–202416 papers

    Open cluster
  5. Illustrative photograph: a stainless accelerator beamline with a viewport target chamber, bellows and bolted flanges[Illustrative image]

    [05/08] RATE

    Electron screening accelerator measurements in metals

    Sets the rate lever (screening).

    The quantitative core: screening potentials of tens to hundreds of electronvolts by host metal, structure and temperature, our rate lever.

    12 records1995–202312 papers

    Open cluster
  6. Illustrative photograph: a polished cylindrical crystal with a fine tungsten needle and a faint point of glow in a vacuum chamber[Illustrative image]

    [06/08] EXCITATION

    Pyroelectric crystal fusion and pyroelectric ion sources

    Sets the field ion source precedent.

    Proof that a crystal-built field ionizes and accelerates deuterons to fusion energies: the work we assign to piezoelectric force chains.

    9 records2001–20259 papers

    Open cluster
  7. Illustrative photograph: a thin metal foil in a precise holder with a small bright impact spot[Illustrative image]

    [07/08] RATE

    Low-energy fusion yield plateau (UC Davis / Berkeley, Thunderbird 2025)

    Sets the target enhancement and the discriminating measurement.

    The 2026 plateau result and its thermal-track rival: the exact disagreement our mechanically driven suspension is built to discriminate.

    3 records2025–20263 papers

    Open cluster
  8. Illustrative photograph: a branching crystal fracture with sharp fragments frozen in mid-air[Illustrative image]

    [08/08] EXCITATION

    Piezonuclear and fracto-fusion records

    Sets the mechanical excitation routes.

    Fracture and impact as transient deuteron sources: burst kinetics and the detector conditions used when this was tested.

    6 records1986–20247 papers

    Open cluster

[01.4 · WHAT THE RECORD GIVES US]

What the record
gives us.

Forty years of published work hand the device its target numbers, its hardware and its methods. Every line below opens the rows behind it.

01Six results the device builds on

  • Raiola and co-workers report a palladium screening potential of 800 ± 90 eV, against the 25 eV gas baseline. 05 · Physics Letters B 2002
  • Naranjo, Gimzewski and Putterman report D-D fusion driven by a heated pyroelectric crystal; Geuther, Danon and Saglime report the same neutron signature. 06 · Nature 2005, PRL 2006
  • Chen and co-workers report that electrochemical loading raises D-D fusion rates in a metal target. 07 · Nature 2025
  • Karahadian and co-workers report a yield plateau below about 2.5 keV and an enhancement above 1018 over bare-nucleus rates. 07 · Nature Communications 2026
  • Suslick reports cavitation hot spots near 5000 °C lasting a few microseconds, with interparticle collisions fast enough to melt most metals. 02 · Science 1990
  • Kim and co-workers probe the stress inside sheared suspensions with piezoelectric nanoparticles. PNAS 2023

02The long programs, and what each hands the device

  1. 02 · 1990–2012 · 12 records Suslick, Oak Ridge, Stringham, Cardone → a 20 kHz-class ultrasound stage, with neutron and light channels time-stamped to the drive
  2. 08 · 1986–2024 · 6 records USSR Academy of Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Maximus Energy → burst-locked counting at 20 kHz and the hydride-out dose-response control
  3. 06 · 2001–2025 · 9 records UCLA, Rensselaer, Lawrence Livermore → the sharp-tip field criterion for grain contacts, and counting both D-D branches at once
  4. 04 · 1994–2024 · 15 records Osaka, Kobe and Technova, Tohoku, Focardi, Parkhomov → sealed powder beds, binary nano-composite hosts and oil mass-flow calorimetry
  5. 01 · 1993–2017 · 18 records Navy SPAWAR and China Lake → in-situ co-deposition loading, paired D2O and H2O cells, CR-39 track detection inside the cell
  6. 03 · 1989–2025 · 9 records SRI, Hokkaido, Mitsubishi and Tohoku, Brillouin, the Google-funded program → loading above D/Pd 0.9, calorimetry within 1 percent, matched controls and written protocols
  7. 05 · 1995–2023 · 12 records TU Berlin, Bochum and LUNA, Tohoku, Szczecin → host metals ranked by measured screening, from the 300 eV class to 800 ± 90 eV in palladium
  8. 07 · 2025–2026 · 3 records UC Davis and Berkeley Lab, UBC (Thunderbird), Szczecin → the 0.25 to 2.5 keV target window and the 3.02 MeV proton signature to look for

03The opportunity: the combination

Every component is published. The combination is ours to build.

  • The hydride plus piezoelectric combination, driven mechanically, appears untested in the public record (searches of 2026-10-21).
  • A beam-off, mechanically excited hydride suspension is the clean next test of the 2026 plateau result.
  • That is what the lab and the twelve-month plan are built to run, with calorimetry and particle detectors on from the first day.
Outline, slides 4 and 6The labThe plan

[GO DEEPER]

Down to the source.

Every record on this page comes from the eight prior-art files in the program repository, rendered in full below.

SOURCE The library: all 108 references 85 with a DOI; PDFs are being added SOURCE Prior-art index: eight clusters, one device The design question each cluster answers, as written SOURCE Science and foundations Where the parameter values from all eight clusters converge SOURCE The reference list sources/REFERENCES.md, in full