| 1 | K. S. Suslick | 1990 | Science 247(4949), 1439-1445; DOI 10.1126/science.247.4949.1439 | Sonochemistry review: acoustic cavitation hot spots in liquids and slurries | liquids and liquid-solid slurries, many metal systems | n/a | ultrasound via acoustic cavitation | hot spot temperatures of roughly 5000 degrees C, pressures near 500 atm, lifetimes of a few microseconds | Shock-wave-driven interparticle collisions at speeds sufficient to melt most metals; clean, reactive metal surfaces |
| 2 | K. S. Suslick, S. J. Doktycz, E. B. Flint | 1990 | Ultrasonics 28(5), 280-290; DOI 10.1016/0041-624X(90)90033-K | Analysis of the origin of sonoluminescence and sonochemistry | cavitating liquids | n/a | ultrasound | comparison of thermal versus electrical interpretations | Most observed effects originate from thermal processes in the hot spot; timescales set by bubble collapse |
| 3 | Y. T. Didenko, K. S. Suslick | 2002 | Nature 418(6896), 394-397; DOI 10.1038/nature00895 | Single-bubble cavitation with quantified chemical yields | isolated vapor-gas bubble in an acoustic field | n/a | single-bubble sonoluminescence drive | pico-second light flashes; less than 1e-13 mol of reacting gas per bubble | Chemical reactions inside a single cavitating bubble; measured yields of nitrite ions, hydroxyl radicals and photons with energy efficiencies |
| 4 | J. Jorne (University of Rochester) | 1996 | Fusion Technology 29(1), 83-90; DOI 10.13182/FST96-A30658 | Ultrasonic irradiation of a slurry of deuterium-loaded palladium powder in heavy water | 1 micrometer deuterium-loaded palladium particles suspended in D2O | deuterium pre-loaded into the palladium powder | ultrasonic horn, cavitation regime | cavitation and high-speed particle collisions; local temperatures above the palladium melting point (1828 K) | Bursts of neutron counting; the highest burst near four times background; the authors note most bursts can be accounted for as background anomalies while the strongest cannot |
| 5 | R. P. Taleyarkhan, C. D. West, J. S. Cho, R. T. Lahey Jr., R. I. Nigmatulin, R. C. Block (Oak Ridge National Laboratory and partners) | 2002 | Science 295(5561), 1868-1873; DOI 10.1126/science.1067589 | Acoustic cavitation of chilled deuterated acetone with bubble clusters nucleated by 14 MeV neutron pulses | deuterated acetone (C3D6O), chilled near 0 degrees C; normal acetone controls | deuterium carried in the acetone | acoustic standing wave drive, order of 20 kHz (estimate), pulsed neutron seeding | hydrodynamic shock-code simulations of bubble implosions | Tritium activity above background; neutron emission near 2.5 MeV; simulations giving 1e6 to 1e7 K implosion conditions; controls with normal acetone show neither |
| 6 | M. J. Saltmarsh, D. Shapira | 2002 | Science 297(5587), 1603; DOI 10.1126/science.297.5587.1603a | On-site repeat of the cavitation experiment with independent instrumentation | deuterated acetone apparatus at Oak Ridge | as in the source run | same acoustic drive class | more sensitive neutron counters and tritium assay | The authors report no significant neutron or tritium signal in their repeat run |
| 7 | R. P. Taleyarkhan, J. S. Cho, C. D. West, R. T. Lahey Jr., R. I. Nigmatulin, R. C. Block | 2004 | Physical Review E 69(3), 036109; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.036109 | Time-resolved neutron and sonoluminescence measurements in chilled deuterated acetone | deuterated acetone, chilled | deuterium carried in the acetone | acoustic drive plus neutron-seeded bubble clusters | time-correlated recording channels | Neutron and sonoluminescence emissions time-correlated across the bubble-cluster dynamics; neutron rate up to about 4e5 per second; tritium data consistent with the neutron rate; a figure-labeling erratum was later published (Physical Review E 71, 019901, 2005; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.019901) |
| 8 | F. Cardone, G. Cherubini, A. Petrucci | 2009 | Physics Letters A 373(8-9), 862-866; DOI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.12.060 | Ultrasound applied to a solution containing only stable elements, iron and chlorine, with polyallyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) track detectors and a boron trifluoride (BF3) electronic neutron counter | aqueous iron-chlorine solution, no radioactive additions | n/a | ultrasonic cavitation | neutron counting against laboratory background | Neutron pulses standing above the laboratory background and electronic noise |
| 9 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, A. Petrucci | 2009 | Physics Letters A 373(22), 1956-1958; DOI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.03.067 | Ultrasound applied to thorium-bearing solutions | thorium-228 solution | n/a | ultrasonic cavitation | gamma monitoring during and after cavitation | The authors report changes in the gamma-emission activity of the thorium decay chain during cavitation; follow-up remarks on protocols appear in arXiv:1001.5391 |
| 10 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, M. Monti, A. Petrucci, V. Sala | 2012 | Modern Physics Letters A 27(18), 1250102; DOI 10.1142/S0217732312501027 | Ultrasound applied to bars of iron and steel via a sonotrode | iron and steel bars | n/a | high-power ultrasound | neutron burst recording with spectrum measurement; surface microanalysis | Neutrons emitted in bursts with a measured spectrum; circular surface damage features away from the sonotrode; elemental-composition departures on the damaged spots |
| 11 | F. Cardone, R. Mignani, A. Petrucci | 2012 | Journal of Advanced Physics 1(1), 3-36; DOI 10.1166/jap.2012.1015 | Review of the piezonuclear program, liquids and solids | cavitated solutions and sonicated solids | n/a | ultrasound and mechanical stress | program-wide protocols | Consolidated statement of the piezonuclear reaction reports and methods |
| 12 | R. S. Stringham | 2012 | Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCNS) 6; DOI 10.70923/001c.72155 | Sonofusion of deuterated palladium: cavitation of a deuterated palladium system with long-running instrumentation | deuterated palladium, deuterium-bearing liquid | deuterium pre-loaded in the palladium | piezo-driven cavitation bubbles at high bubble production rates | transient high-density cavitation; ejecta surveys after runs | Excess heat and helium-4 reported as the measured products; bubble production reported at 1e16 bubbles per second; post-run ejecta site surveys as the diagnostic record |
