Vantasner Hydride–Piezo
[DOCS]
01 PITCH 02 PROGRAM 03 DETAIL 04 SOURCE

[07 / LIBRARY]

The library.

The program's body of published work: 108 references from 1971 to 2026, gathered from the eight prior-art clusters, the concept brief and the materials specifications. Each one links to the clusters that cite it.

[REFERENCES]
108
[WITH DOI]
85
[LOCAL PDF]
0
[CITATION ONLY]
20

[PUBLISHED WORK, 1971 TO 2026]

One block per reference, stacked in its year, coloured by how you can read it. Filtered-out blocks dim.

1971
n.d.

108 of 108 references

[ORDER]

A3

Arata, Y., Zhang, Y.-C.

[DESCRIPTION] The double-structure cathode electrolysis paper: palladium vessel filled with palladium powder, sustained heat and helium-4 in the sealed interior, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 75, 281-286.

DOI 10.2183/pjab.75.281 #
[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
DOI

Arata, Y., Zhang, Y.-C.

[DESCRIPTION] Contributed abstract, electrolysis-loaded zirconia plus nano-palladium powder composite delivering about 10 W over about 400 hours, APS March Meeting 2008 (meeting abstract, no DOI).

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[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
Citation only

B7

Brown, E., Jaeger, H.M.

Shear thickening in concentrated suspensions: phenomenology, mechanisms and relations to jamming

Reports on Progress in Physics 77, 046602.

DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/77/4/046602 #
[CITED IN] Materials specs
DOI

Brownridge, J.D., Shafroth, S.M.

Electron and positive ion beams and X-rays produced by heated and cooled pyroelectric crystals such as LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in dilute gases: phenomenology and applications

review manuscript (freely accessible copy; no journal DOI).

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[CITED IN] 06 Pyroelectric crystal fusion and pyroelectric ion sources
Citation only

Bruschi, L., Santini, M., Torzo, G., Nardelli, G.

Search for Neutron Emission from a Deuterium-Titanium System

Europhysics Letters 10 (4). Concept brief lead; confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1209/0295-5075/10/4/004 #
[CITED IN] Concept brief lead
DOI

C9

D4

Del Giudice, E., Preparata, G., Vitiello, G.

Water as a Free Electric Dipole Laser

Physical Review Letters 61, 1085-1088. Concept brief lead (coherence-domain framework); confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1085 #
[CITED IN] Concept brief lead
DOI

de Ninno, A., Frattolillo, A., Lollobattista, G., Martinis, L., Martone, M., Mori, L., Podda, S., Scaramuzzi, F.

Evidence of Emission of Neutrons from a Titanium-Deuterium System

Europhysics Letters 9, 221. Concept brief lead; confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1209/0295-5075/9/3/006 #
[CITED IN] Concept brief lead
DOI

F3

G5

Geuther, J.A., Danon, Y.

Electron and positive ion acceleration with pyroelectric crystals

Journal of Applied Physics 97, 074109 (venue, volume and year confirmed; DOI not established in our search pass).

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[CITED IN] 06 Pyroelectric crystal fusion and pyroelectric ion sources
Citation only

Greife, U., and co-workers

[DESCRIPTION] Gas-target D-D fusion precision cross sections below 10 keV: the atomic-limit baseline, Zeitschrift fuer Physik A 351, 107 (no DOI in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 05 Electron screening accelerator measurements in metals
Citation only

H3

Hioki, T., Azuma, H., Nishi, T., Itoh, A., Hibi, S., Gao, J., Motohiro, T., Kasagi, J.

[DESCRIPTION] Sieverts-type absorption and flow calorimetry on palladium nanopowder and Pd on gamma-alumina, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 4, 69-80.

DOI 10.70923/001c.72143 #
[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
DOI

I8

Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Gotoh, N., Toyoda, I.

[DESCRIPTION] Early permeation transmutation line, Fusion Technology 33, 476-492 (venue and year only).

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[CITED IN] 03 Electrochemical excess-heat programs
Citation only

Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Kasagi, J., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Takahashi, K.

[DESCRIPTION] Tohoku replication of the Kobe gas-charging experiments on nickel-based binary nanocomposites, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 24, 191-201 (no DOI in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
Citation only

J2

Jaffe, B., Cook, W.R. Jr., Jaffe, H.

[DESCRIPTION] Piezoelectric Ceramics, Academic Press, London and New York (book; the standard composition-table source for d33 values).

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[CITED IN] Materials specs
Citation only

K12

Kasagi, J., and co-workers

[DESCRIPTION] Deuteron-beam screening measurement on deuterated palladium, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 71, 2281 (no DOI in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 05 Electron screening accelerator measurements in metals
Citation only

Kim, H., Esser-Kahn, A.P., Rowan, S.J., Jaeger, H.M.

Stress-activated friction in sheared suspensions probed with piezoelectric nanoparticles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2310088120. Concept brief lead (the mechanistic platform); confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1073/pnas.2310088120 #
[CITED IN] Concept brief lead
DOI

Kitamura, A., Sasaki, Y., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.

[DESCRIPTION] Twin hydrogen-absorption system with heat measurement and charged-particle diagnostics on nano-powders and mixed oxides, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 4, 56-68.

DOI 10.70923/001c.72142 #
[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
DOI

Kitamura, A., Miyoshi, Y., Sakoh, H., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Murota, T., Tahara, T.

[DESCRIPTION] Gas-phase hydrogen isotope absorption with silica-inclusion of the active powder for reusability, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 13, 277-289.

DOI 10.70923/001c.72257 #
[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
DOI

Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y.

[DESCRIPTION] Mass-flow calorimetry method and anomalous heat results for nano-composite metals under gas charging (summary paper), Current Science 108, 589-593 (no DOI in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
Citation only

Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y.

[DESCRIPTION] Hydrogen absorption runs with oil-flow calorimetry: binary nano-composites against single-component controls, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 19, 135-144.

DOI 10.70923/001c.72382 #
[CITED IN] 04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
DOI

Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Takahashi, K., Seto, R., Hatano, T., Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Kasagi, J., Nakamura, M., Uchimura, M., Takahashi, H., Sumitomo, S., Hioki, T., Motohiro, T., Furuyama, Y., Kishida, M., Matsune, H.

[DESCRIPTION] Six-organization MHE collaborative experiments with identical sample sets split between Kobe and Tohoku, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, 16187-16200 (venue and year only in the source clusters).

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[CITED IN] 03 Electrochemical excess-heat programs04 Heated hydrides with H2 and D2 gas loading
Citation only

Klyuev, V.A., and co-workers

[DESCRIPTION] Neutron emission from fracture of deuterated heavy ice and lithium deuteride, Soviet Technical Physics Letters 12, 1333 (venue and year only; established via citation within the 1989 Nature paper).

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[CITED IN] 08 Piezonuclear and fracto-fusion records
Citation only

L3

Lipson, A.G., and co-workers

Fracto-emission from deuterated titanium: Supporting evidence for a fracto-fusion mechanism

IAEA INIS record RBXE4-ER508, January 1990 (full journal metadata not confirmed in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 08 Piezonuclear and fracto-fusion records
Citation only

Lipson, A.G., Miley, G.H. (undated manuscript). "Phenomenon of energetic charged

Phenomenon of energetic charged particle emission from hydrogen/deuterium loaded metals

Lipson, A.G., Miley, G.H. (undated manuscript). , review manuscript hosted at lenr-canr.org (venue and year not confirmed in the source cluster).

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[CITED IN] 08 Piezonuclear and fracto-fusion records
Citation only

M18

McKubre, M.C.H., Tanzella, F.L.

Materials issues of loading deuterium into palladium and the association with excess heat production

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF7, Vancouver), p. 230 (venue and year only).

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[CITED IN] 03 Electrochemical excess-heat programs
Citation only

Metzler, F., Hunt, C., Hagelstein, P.L., Galvanetto, N.

Known mechanisms that increase nuclear fusion rates in the solid state

New Journal of Physics 26, 101202. Concept brief lead; also cited in simulation/TOOLCHAIN.md; confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/ad091c #
[CITED IN] Simulation toolchainConcept brief lead
DOI

N2

O1

Ozgur, U., Alivov, Y.I., Liu, C., Teke, A., Reshchikov, M.A., Dogan, S., Avrutin, V., Cho, S.-J., Morkoc, H.

A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices

(standard reference for the ZnO d33 value), Journal of Applied Physics 98, 041301.

DOI 10.1063/1.1992666 #
[CITED IN] Materials specs
DOI

P1

R5

Raghavan, S.R., Khan, S.A.

Shear-Thickening Response of Fumed Silica Suspensions under Steady and Oscillatory Shear

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 185, 57.

DOI 10.1006/jcis.1996.4581 #
[CITED IN] Materials specs
DOI

S14

SRI International

An overview of excess heat production in the D/Pd system at SRI

INIS record (venue and year only); with M.C.H. McKubre, ICCF-10 short course review (2003), the source of the 51-experiment loading split.

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[CITED IN] 03 Electrochemical excess-heat programs
Citation only

Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P.A., editors

[DESCRIPTION] Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System, Volumes 1 and 2, SPAWAR Systems Center San Diego Technical Report 1862 (program review plus the ICARUS cell-calorimetry model).

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[CITED IN] 01 Navy Pd/D co-deposition (SPAWAR) and China Lake calorimetry
Citation only

T6

Takahashi, T., Saito, M., Shibasaki, Y., Murakami, S.

[DESCRIPTION] Progress in energy generation research using nano-metal with hydrogen and deuterium gas, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 36 (venue and year only).

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[CITED IN] 03 Electrochemical excess-heat programs
Citation only

Tang, V., Meyer, G., Morse, J., Schmid, G., Spadaccini, C., Kerr, P., Rusnak, B., Sampayan, S., Naranjo, B., Putterman, S.

Neutron production from feedback controlled thermal cycling of a pyroelectric crystal

Review of Scientific Instruments 79 (venue, year and title confirmed via PubMed record PMID 18163729; article number and DOI not established in our search pass).

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[CITED IN] 06 Pyroelectric crystal fusion and pyroelectric ion sources
Citation only

W1

Wen, W., Tam, W.Y., Sheng, P.

Fabrication of PZT microspheres for application in electrorheological fluids

Journal of Materials Science Letters 17, 419-421. Concept brief lead; confirmed by web search 2026-10-21.

DOI 10.1023/A:1006547520371 #
[CITED IN] Concept brief lead
DOI

Y1

[ABOUT THE BIBLIOGRAPHY]

How the list was built

Read REFERENCES.md in full

Scope: every publication cited in the eight prior-art cluster files (prior-art/01 through prior-art/08), deduplicated, plus a small set of additions from the concept brief and the materials specifications that the cluster files do not carry. Additions were confirmed by web search on 2026-10-21; the cluster-file entries carry the search confirmation of their own cluster documents. Entries are alphabetical by first author surname, with author names rendered in plain ASCII. Each entry ends with the cluster file or files that cite it; entries we added ourselves carry their confirmation source instead. Where no digital object identifier (DOI) was established by the source cluster, the entry gives venue and year only. Descriptive glosses in plain text (no quotation marks) are our summaries, not published titles.

Coverage note

Every entry above traces to one or more of prior-art/01-navy-codeposition.md through prior-art/08-piezonuclear-fracto-fusion.md, or carries an explicit confirmation line for the entries added from the concept brief and materials/SPECS.md. The bibliography holds 108 entries across 20 first-author letters; no entry carries a status or assessment marker, by program policy.

[GLOSSARY / 61 TERMS]

The words, plainly.

Every term the site explains with a dotted underline, grouped by subject. Search any of them across all documents.

[01] Physics

Deuterium
Heavy hydrogen: a hydrogen atom whose nucleus carries one proton and one neutron.
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Deuteron
The nucleus of a deuterium atom. Two deuterons that get close enough can fuse (D-D fusion).
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D-D fusion
Two deuterons fusing. Produces helium-3 plus a neutron, or tritium plus a proton, or (rarely) helium-4.
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Electron screening
Electrons in a metal partly cancel the repulsion between two deuterons, so they fuse far more often at low energy than in vacuum.
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Screening potential
The size of the electron-screening effect, in electronvolts. Hundreds of eV in metals versus 25 eV in deuterium gas.
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eV
Electronvolt: the energy one electron gains across one volt. keV is a thousand eV.
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keV
Kiloelectronvolt, a thousand electronvolts. The device aims to throw deuterons across gaps at 0.1 to 1 keV.
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Yield plateau
The 2026 finding that D-D fusion yields in metal hydrides stop falling with beam energy below about 2.5 keV, instead of dropping toward zero.
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Pyroelectric
A crystal that builds up surface charge when heated or cooled.
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Cavitation
Tiny vapor bubbles that form and violently collapse in a liquid under strong ultrasound.
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Sonoluminescence
Flashes of light from collapsing cavitation bubbles. The program uses it as the signal to keep drive power below cavitation onset.
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Excess heat
Heat out of a cell beyond what the measured electrical input and known chemistry can explain.
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[02] Materials

Metal hydride
A metal that has soaked hydrogen into its crystal lattice, like a sponge holds water.
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Deuteride
A metal hydride loaded with deuterium instead of ordinary hydrogen (for example PdD, TiD2, ZrD2).
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Loading ratio
How many deuterium atoms sit in the metal per metal atom. D/Pd 0.9 means 9 deuterium atoms for every 10 palladium atoms.
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D/Pd
Loading ratio of deuterium in palladium: deuterium atoms per palladium atom. The record ties excess-heat episodes to D/Pd above about 0.9.
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PdD
Palladium deuteride: palladium loaded with deuterium. The program's mobility-matched reference material.
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TiD2
Titanium deuteride. Holds about twice the deuterons per metal atom of palladium at roughly one fiftieth of the price.
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ZrD2
Zirconium deuteride. A second low-cost, high-density deuteron host.
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NiH
Nickel hydride, loaded with ordinary hydrogen. Used as the hydrogen-side control.
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Piezoelectric
A material that produces electric charge when squeezed. Lighter gas grills use this to make a spark.
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PZT
Lead zirconate titanate, the strongest common piezoelectric ceramic. PZT-5H is a high-output grade.
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BaTiO3
Barium titanate, a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic and the second active arm of the matrix.
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ZnO
Zinc oxide, a weak piezoelectric used as a low-field comparison composition.
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LiNbO3
Lithium niobate, a crystal with weak piezoelectric response here; used as a low-field comparison.
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LiTaO3
Lithium tantalate, a pyroelectric crystal. Heated in deuterium gas with a tungsten tip, it drove D-D fusion (Nature, 2005).
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d33
The piezoelectric charge coefficient: how much charge a material makes per unit of force along its main axis.
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[03] The device

Shear-thickening fluid
A dense suspension that turns nearly solid when sheared fast (cornstarch in water is the kitchen example).
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STF
Shear-thickening fluid: a dense suspension that stiffens when sheared fast.
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Force chain
A line of grains pressed hard against each other inside a jammed suspension. Force chains carry most of the stress.
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Carrier
The liquid (deuterated oil or glycerol) or dry gas the powder sits in.
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Dry bed
A sealed cartridge of powder with no liquid carrier, driven mechanically and electrically.
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[04] Lab and diagnostics

Sonotrode
The metal horn that delivers ultrasound into a liquid or powder.
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Calorimetry
Measuring heat precisely. The program runs two independent calorimeters on every cell.
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Isoperibolic calorimeter
A calorimeter whose surroundings are held at a constant temperature, so heat flow out can be measured.
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Seebeck envelope
A calorimeter wall lined with hundreds of thermocouple junctions that turn heat flow into a voltage.
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Flow calorimeter
A calorimeter that measures heat carried away by a coolant of known flow rate and temperature rise.
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Joule calibration
Calibrating a calorimeter with a resistor delivering a known electrical power.
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CR-39
A clear plastic that records the tracks of charged particles; etched afterwards and counted under a microscope.
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Time of flight
Measuring a neutron's energy from how long it takes to cross a known distance between two detectors.
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ToF
Time of flight: neutron energy from travel time over a fixed 2.0 m baseline.
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Helium-3 counter
A gas-filled neutron detector, moderated with plastic to slow neutrons so they can be counted.
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Five-sigma
A result about one-in-3.5-million likely to be chance. Thresholds are pre-registered before each run.
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Co-deposition
Plating palladium and deuterium onto an electrode at the same time, loading the metal as it grows (the US Navy SPAWAR method).
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DAQ
Data acquisition: the electronics and software that record every sensor channel.
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VSWR
Voltage standing-wave ratio: how well the drive electronics deliver power into the horn without reflection. Below 1.5 is good.
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[05] Simulation and compute

DFT
Density functional theory: quantum calculations of how atoms in a material bond, stretch and hold deuterium.
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MD
Molecular dynamics: simulating millions of atoms moving over picoseconds to nanoseconds.
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MLIP
Machine-learned interatomic potential: a fast model trained on DFT results so molecular dynamics runs much faster.
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DEM
Discrete element method: simulating each grain of a powder as it packs, jams and forms force chains.
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FEM
Finite element method: simulating sound waves, stress and electric fields in the horn, cell and grains.
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Phase field
Simulating how the hydride phase boundary moves through a grain as it loads and unloads under strain.
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Sobol analysis
A sensitivity method that ranks which of the design parameters matter most for the outcome.
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Slot
One AI agent plus its share of a server's compute. Each server runs 16 slots.
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Slot-month
One slot running for one month, 24 hours a day. CHF 93.75 of server time.
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Marbell
The bare-metal server provider: CHF 1500 per server per month.
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Parameter brief
The weekly document the agent fleet publishes telling the lab which settings to run next.
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[06] The plan

Gen 0
Material-screening cell (months 3 to 5).
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Gen 1
Calorimeter cell (months 5 to 8).
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Gen 2
Sealed dry-bed piezo-hydride reactor (months 8 to 11).
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Gen 3
Integrated device prototype in one cabinet (months 11 to 12).
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