| M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, M. Hawkins (University of Southampton, University of Utah) | 1989 | J. Electroanal. Chem. 261, 301-308; DOI 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80006-3; correction note in 263, 187-188; DOI 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80141-x | Open Dewar (isoperibolic) calorimetry inside a 300 K water bath, Newton-law cooling calibration by heater curves and hot D2O addition; gamma and neutron monitoring outside the bath; liquid scintillation tritium assay | Pd rod, sheet and cube cathodes (1 to 4 mm diameter rods x 10 cm; 2 x 8 x 8 cm sheet; 1 cm cube) against Pt anodes; 0.1 M LiOD in 99.5 percent D2O | Not measured in the paper; the authors state the electrochemical cell compresses deuterium into the Pd lattice to chemical potentials up to about 0.8 eV | Direct-current electrolysis, 1.6 to 512 mA/cm2, run times above 120 h | Ambient pressure, 300 K bath, single cells without light-water controls in this paper | Excess specific heating up to 21.4 W/cm3 of electrode volume (rescaled values); above 10 W/cm3 held over 120 h; total excess enthalpy above 4 MJ/cm3 of electrode reported; neutron flux of order 4e4/s reported for one rod, tritium accumulation 1e4 to 2e4 atoms/s; one cube-electrode run destroyed the cell and part of the fume hood |
| M.C.H. McKubre, S. Crouch-Baker, R. Rocha-Filho, S. Smedley, F.L. Tanzella, T. Passell, J. Santucci (SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute; with EPRI) | 1994 | J. Electroanal. Chem. 368, 55-66; DOI 10.1016/0022-0728(93)03070-6 | Isothermal flow calorimetry calibrated from first principles (> 98 percent heat recovery, absolute accuracy below 0.4 percent), paired D and H cells run in electrical series, on-line in-situ loading monitor via cathode resistance ratio R/R0 | Engelhard, Johnson Matthey and IMRA Pd rods (about 3 cm length x 3 mm diameter in the characterized set) and large-area Pd foil; 1 M LiOD or LiOH, with Al, Si or B additives | D/Pd tracked continuously by R/R0; the SRI summary of the program states excess-heat episodes appear only above D/Pd about 0.9, with appearance times of 8 to 23 days; their 2003 review of 51 reported experiments shows excess power in 17 percent of runs below D/Pd 0.90 and in all runs above 1.00 | Direct-current ramps from 33 mA/cm2 upward, held for weeks to years | 30 C electrolyte, ambient pressure, long-duration operation | Repeated excess-power episodes across the program (the 1995 SRI overview counts more than 40 episodes); magnitude correlated with loading, current density and time; program total above 100 experiments in four to five calorimetric modes per the SRI summary |
| T. Mizuno, T. Ohmori, T. Akimoto, A. Takahashi (Hokkaido University, Osaka University) | 2000 | Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 6055-6061; DOI 10.1143/JJAP.39.6055 | Glow-discharge (plasma) electrolysis in liquid with a purpose-built real-time heat calibration system combining flow and isoperibolic calorimetry plus captured-gas accounting | Metal cathodes in aqueous electrolyte with Pt anode; quartz gas collector over the cathode | Solution-phase system; no lattice loading ratio stated | High-voltage direct-current electrolysis; plasma forms at about 120 to 140 V across the cell | Atmospheric pressure cell, runs of hours; heat measured from plasma onset onward | Measured heat substantially above input power, up to 200 percent of input in some runs; no excess at plasma start, excess grew after extended plasma electrolysis; the same group reported non-Faradaic hydrogen generation up to 80 times Faraday law in the follow-up line (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 396, 2005; DOI 10.1143/JJAP.44.396) |
| T. Mizuno (Hydrogen Engineering Application and Development Company, Sapporo) | 2017 | J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 25, 1-25; DOI 10.70923/001c.72456 | Vacuum chamber with ceramic heater, Pd rod and Pd-wire electrodes, grounded Ni mesh; glow-discharge sputtering builds nano-structured Pd/Ni on the heater; deuterium gas dosing; whole-reactor calorimetry | Pd electrodes sputtered onto Ni mesh reactant; D2 gas | Gas-phase loading of the nano-structured Pd/Ni surface; no ratio stated | Deuterium gas introduction at 100 to 300 Pa onto the heated reactant, following bake-out | About 200 C chamber wall, 50 to 300 Pa D2 | Excess heat reported up to about 78 W, close to the input power, in the configuration later replicated at Tohoku University (see next rows) |
| T. Mizuno, J. Rothwell (HEAD Company, LENR-CANR.org) | 2019 | J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 29, 21-33; DOI 10.70923/001c.72489 | Air-flow calorimetry of paired active and control reactors inside an insulated box with reflective liner; input and output integrated from power-on to cool-down; blower and heat-recovery corrections measured directly | Pd deposited on Ni mesh (50 to 100 g) in 20 to 50 kg steel reactors; D2 gas at 5 to 4300 Pa | Gas-phase loading of Pd-coated Ni surface; no ratio stated | Glow-discharge sputtering activation for weeks (old method); direct Pd application by rubbing or electroless plating (new method); deuterium absorption and desorption cycling | 100 to 400 W electrical input; reactor walls 200 to 300 C | Old method: peak output 480 W against 248 W input (232 W excess, close to 2 times input), after weeks to months of activation; new method: 10 to 30 W excess, up to 40 W in one run, about 5 to 20 percent above input, activatable in about one day |
| Y. Iwamura, M. Sakano, T. Itoh (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) | 2002 | Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (7R), 4642-4650; DOI 10.1143/JJAP.41.4642 | Deuterium gas permeation through a Pd complex (thin Pd surface layer, alternating CaO and Pd nanolayers on bulk Pd) inside a vacuum chamber fitted with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer; surface element analysis before and after permeation | Pd/CaO multilayer on Pd substrate; Cs or Sr deposited on the surface as target element | Deuterium flux through the foil by a 1 atm D2 versus vacuum gradient; no atomic ratio stated | Deuterium permeation diffusion driven by the gas-pressure gradient | 343 K, 1 atm D2, about one week for Cs, about two weeks for Sr | Cs decreased and Pr appeared; Sr decreased and Mo appeared; the detected Mo isotopic abundance tracked Sr rather than natural Mo; the authors state all phenomena were reproduced qualitatively; the companion line reports D2-Pd excess heat and radiation signatures (Fusion Technology 33 (1998) 476-492; venue and year only) |
| Y. Iwamura, T. Itoh, J. Kasagi, H. Shishido (Tohoku University, Clean Planet Inc.) and the Tohoku/Clean Planet Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction division | 2016 to 2024 | J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 19 (2016) 119-126, DOI 10.70923/001c.72380; 24 (2017) 179-190, DOI 10.70923/001c.72444; 29 (2019) 119-128, DOI 10.70923/001c.72496; 33 (2020) 1-13, DOI 10.70923/001c.72546; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 63 (2024) 037001, DOI 10.35848/1347-4065/ad2622 | Three integrated platforms: (a) replication of the Mizuno glow-discharge Pd/Ni + D2 setup with heater-temperature and emissivity analysis; (b) six-organization NEDO collaborative oil mass-flow calorimetry on nano-composite powders, replicated between Kobe and Tohoku with identical samples; (c) nano-sized Cu/Ni/CaO multilayer films on bulk Ni, hydrogen loading then vacuum evacuation with rapid heating | Glow-discharge Pd/Ni; PdNi7Zr15-Ox, CuNi7Zr15-Ox, CuNi10/SiO2 nano-composites; sputtered Cu-Ni multilayers with CaO or Y2O3 interlayers on annealed Ni plate | Gas absorption measured by chamber pressure change; multilayer line intentionally programs hydrogen flux through the film by load-then-heat cycles | D2 or H2 gas introduction at 150 to 350 C (powders); H2 loading at 250 C then evacuation plus rapid heating to 500 to 900 C (multilayers); small input-power perturbations to induce heat bursts (2024) | 1 to 8 h loading phases, runs of 1e5 s; chamber pressures 150 to 300 Pa | Pd/Ni line: 123 C heater-temperature rise at 7 W input, excess up to 5.5 W (about 80 percent of input); total energies 19,800 to 38,880 J against a 47 J chemical bound. Nano-composite line: 1.4 to 200 MJ per mol H(D), 15 eV/D up to 2.1 keV/D, coincident chamber pressure and gas-temperature burst events, Kobe and Tohoku results agree. Multilayer line: total excess up to 1.1 MJ, average 16 keV/H. JJAP 2024: above 10 keV/H, heat bursts inducible on demand by input-power perturbation (plus about 38 kJ in the shown cycle), no gamma or neutron signal recorded |
| R. Godes, R. George, F. Tanzella, M. McKubre (Brillouin Energy Corporation, Berkeley; SRI International and Energy Research Center LLC as independent testers) | 2014, 2020, 2025 | J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 13 (2014) 127-137, DOI 10.70923/001c.72246; 33 (2020) 33-45, DOI 10.70923/001c.72547; 39 (2025) 84-90, DOI 10.70923/001c.133965 | Nickel and ceramic alternating coatings on a ceramic tube with inner copper layer (the catalyst), inside an isoperibolic calorimeter with water-cooled outer block; pulses applied between coatings so skin-effect current concentrates at the metal-ceramic interface; independent operation at SRI and ERC, then wall-plug total calorimetry | Ni-based metal/ceramic/Cu multilayer catalyst tubes; hydrogen gas up to 15 bar | Hydrogen absorbed in the Ni surface layers; no atomic ratio stated; Hi-Pot screening rejects leaky catalysts before runs | Q-pulse electrical stimulation: several hundred volts, about 30 to 10,000 ns width, below 1 percent duty cycle, repetition rate auto-adjusted, described by the team as tuned to palladium and nickel hydride resonances; low-voltage long pulses of equal power as matched blanks | 100 to 600 C catalyst temperature; 200 to 350 C in the 2020 series; multi-day calibrations | 2014: over 150 experiments in two cell/calorimeter designs with excess power always present under resonant Q-pulses and excess energies up to 100 percent of input; 2020: coefficient of performance 1.26 to 1.5 against matched blanks across about 65 mass-flow calculations and more than 600 runs on over 100 catalysts, output to about 30 W; 2025: total (from-the-wall) calorimetry reporting |
| C.P. Berlinguette, Y.-M. Chiang, J.N. Munday, T. Schenkel, D.K. Fork, R. Koningstein, M.D. Trevithick (University of British Columbia, MIT, University of Maryland, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Google LLC) | 2019 | Nature 570, 45-51; DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-1256-6 (Perspective) | Three-year multi-institution program built for measurement discipline: written standard operating protocols, automated long-duration experiments, matched electrochemical and gas-loading cells with light-water and blank controls, system-identification calorimetry developed for the program (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 084101, 2017, DOI 10.1063/1.4999361; J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 138, 3139, 2019, DOI 10.1007/s10973-019-08271-z) | Pd cathodes and Pd films in LiOD/D2O and H analogs; highly hydrided metal films; pulsed plasma apparatus | Explicit tracking of the loading parameter via the palladium pressure-composition-temperature phase diagram | Electrochemical loading, gas loading, pulsed plasma excitation, all under automated protocols | Multi-week runs, quantified calorimetric uncertainty budgets | The authors state their experiments found no evidence of the effect at their sensitivity thresholds, while the program produced new measurement tools and insights into highly hydrided metals and identified a parameter space for further study; the successor beam experiment reports that electrochemical loading raises deuterium-deuteron fusion yields in a metal target (K.-Y. Chen et al., Nature 644, 640-645, 2025; DOI 10.1038/s41586-025-09042-7) |
