Searched and confirmed 2026-10-21. This cluster covers neutron and charged-particle emission reports tied to mechanical fracture, impact and cavitation of deuterated solids. The design question for the Vantasner device is narrow and mechanical: fracture and impact act as transient deuteron sources with burst kinetics, and the literature tells us which detector conditions and controls were used when that was tested.
Record table
| Who | When | Venue / DOI | Setup | Materials | Loading | Excitation | Conditions | Reported outputs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.V. Derjaguin, A.G. Lipson, V.A. Kluev, D.M. Sakov, Yu.P. Toporov (Institute of Physical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences) | 1989 | Nature 341, 492; DOI 10.1038/341492a0, title "Titanium fracture yields neutrons?" (framed as a question by the authors) | Mechanical fracture experiments with neutron and charged-particle detection around the cracking specimen | Titanium (deuterated); the group's 1986 line began with heavy ice and lithium deuteride | Deuterated titanium specimens | Mechanical fracture (cracking of loaded specimens) | Room temperature, detectors surrounding the fracture zone | Reported neutron emission coincident with titanium fracture; the group's earlier 1986 companion reported neutron emission from fracture of heavy ice and lithium deuteride |
| V.A. Klyuev et al. | 1986 | Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 12, 1333 (venue and year only; no DOI confirmed; established via citation within the 1989 Nature paper) | Fracture experiments on deuterated solids with neutron detection | Heavy ice, lithium deuteride | Deuterated solids | Mechanical fracture | Room temperature | Reported neutron emission coincident with fracture of deuterated materials |
| A.G. Lipson and co-workers | 1990 | Journal article indexed in the IAEA INIS database under "Fracto-emission from deuterated titanium: Supporting evidence for a fracto-fusion mechanism" (record RBXE4-ER508, January 1990; full journal metadata not independently confirmed) | Fracto-emission measurements from deuterated titanium, recording charged-particle and photon emission from newly formed crack surfaces | Deuterated titanium | Deuterium-loaded titanium | Mechanical fracture | Vacuum | Reported fracto-emission (charged-particle and light emission) from deuterated titanium, presented as supporting the fracto-fusion mechanism; the record also documents that fracture of dielectrics is a known charged-particle and light source in its own right |
| A.G. Lipson, G.H. Miley (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) | Year not independently confirmed | Review manuscript "Phenomenon of energetic charged particle emission from hydrogen/deuterium loaded metals", copy hosted at lenr-canr.org (venue and year not confirmed; author list confirmed from the manuscript) | Survey of charged-particle emission experiments across hydrogen- and deuterium-loaded metals including fracture and cavitation geometries | Various deuterated metals (Ti, Pd) | Gas and electrochemical loading | Mechanical and cavitation excitation | Various | Reports of energetic charged-particle emission from loaded metals, with CR-39 track-detector methodology prominent; carries the parameter lessons on detector placement and etching protocols |
| M. Fomitchev-Zamilov (Maximus Energy Corporation) | 2024 | Scientific Reports 14, 11517; DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-62055-6 (erratum: Scientific Reports 14, 16669, DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-67868-z) | 20 kHz piezoelectric sonifier-driven reactor (6 inch conflat tee, 550 W Branson driver) with deuterated titanium powder (electrochemically loaded from 500 mesh Ti, 0.05 M boric acid in D2O, 2.5 V, 80 h) suspended in degassed mineral oil; bank of He-3 proportional counters plus NaI(Tl) gamma detector; borax castle for background suppression | Deuterated titanium powder in mineral oil with D2O microemulsion | Ti/D electrochemically loaded; suspension of a few hundred milligrams Ti/D per run, plus about 1 mL D2O | 20 kHz acoustic drive at maximum power, 0.01 s on / 0.01 s off duty cycle; neutron flux present only when massive acoustic peaks of a few thousand psi registered from constructive interference of bubble shockwaves | Ambient pressure, degassed oil; stable suspension for at least 6 months | Reported neutron count rates exceeding 6500 CPM at peak (background below 0.5 CPM), stated as more than 10,000 times background; runs sustained up to 1.5 hours and repeated over 6 months; clean thermal neutron spectrum recorded; no excess from D2 bubbles or D2O droplets without Ti/D powder; the author states spallation and other neutron sources still need to be ruled out |
| A. Carpinteri, F. Cardone, G. Lacidogna (Politecnico di Torino) | 2009 | Strain 45, 332-339; DOI 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00615.x | Mechanical compression tests to brittle fracture of rock specimens with neutron detection (He-3 and bubble detectors) | Granite and other brittle rock specimens | Natural (no deuterium loading) | Compression to brittle fracture | Laboratory compression frames | Reported neutron emission above background during brittle fracture of granite; the same group later reported associated chemical-change interpretations; a same-journal comment by U. Bardi and G. Comoretto (Strain 49, 544, 2013; DOI 10.1111/str.12036) addresses the geomechanical interpretation records |
Narrative
The record begins in the Soviet fracture laboratories: Klyuev and co-workers reported in 1986 neutron emission from cracking deuterated heavy ice and lithium deuteride, and the Derjaguin group followed in 1989 with the Nature paper that put the question in its title: titanium fracture yields neutrons? The 1990 Lipson fracto-emission record documents the competing origin that any fracture experiment must manage, namely that crack formation itself emits charged particles and light regardless of deuterium. The Carpinteri, Cardone and Lacidogna compression tests on granite extended piezonuclear reports into rock mechanics, with emissions near background levels and thin detector statistics, and same-journal commentary addressing the chemical interpretation. The 2024 Scientific Reports cavitation record is the most instrumented modern entry: it reports no excess without the deuterated titanium powder, a dose-response to the presence of Ti/D, coincidence of neutron flux with extreme acoustic pressure peaks, and thermal-neutron spectral shape, while stating openly that spallation and other sources remain to be excluded. Across the cluster the mechanism carried into the Vantasner device is mechanical: fracture surfaces, impinging jets and contact impacts act as transient, bursting deuteron sources with localized pressure and charge concentrations, which is the same physics our shear-thickening hydride suspension drives at 20 kHz.
Carry into device
- Burst kinetics: every record in this cluster shows emission tied to transient mechanical events (cracks, jets, shockwave interference peaks), not steady state; design the device and the analysis for burst-locked counting synchronized to the 20 kHz drive duty cycle.
- Detector conditions that carried results: He-3 proportional counters with confirmed thermal spectral shape, long simultaneous background runs, physical isolation from electromagnetic pickup (grounded copper shielding between driver and detectors in the 2024 record), and borax castles for sub-CPM backgrounds; adopt the same stack plus EJ-309 time-of-flight.
- The dose-response control is the sharpest lesson of the cluster: the 2024 record saw no excess from D2 bubbles or D2O droplets and saw flux only with Ti/D powder present, so our controls must hold the hydride out while everything else stays in.
- Fractoemission of charged particles and light from cracking grains is a standing background for any fracture-dominated excitation; CR-39 masked-pair foils inside the cell separate particle tracks from photons and noise.
- Pressure-peak coincidence: in the 2024 record neutrons appeared only when constructive-interference pressure peaks of a few thousand psi registered; our force-chain contact stress (estimated 0.1 to 1 GPa) sits in the same class, so peak stress amplitude is a primary knob to scan.
- Deuterium supply through the solid phase (TiD, PdD) rather than through gas bubbles is what the strongest cavitation record points to; this favors loading the grains ex-situ in deuterium gas rather than relying on dissolved D2O.